Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) - - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This text is designed to present a comprehensive and state-of the-art approach to the current and future status of POEM. Sections address preliminary issues faced by surgeons and gastroenterologists who are interested in implementing this procedure into their treatment armamentarium. These areas include the evolution of the technique, training and credentialing, as well as tools and platforms commonly used for POEM. Subsequent chapters focus on specific disease processes, and future applications of the technique. Written by experts in POEM, Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) addresses patient selection, pre-operative considerations, technique, and avoiding complications. A brief editorial review of the existing literature addressing the particular topic follows in each section. The text concludes with chapters on emerging and future applications. Extensive endoscopic images and illustrations make this an interactive text for General Surgeons, Surgical Endoscopists, Gastroenterologists, and associated sub-specialists.

Animal Suffering, Human Rights, and the Virtue of Justice - Per Bauhn - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

In this book, Per Bauhn does three things. First, he outlines some aspects of contemporary philosophical views on animals and morality, including the criticism of speciesism and the animal rights argument. Second, he criticizes these views, arguing that we cannot escape a speciesist perspective on morality, and that there are no good reasons why we should believe that non-human animals have moral rights. Third, he argues that cruelty against non-human animals is morally wrong, but not because animal rights are being violated but because human agents who inflict cruelty on non-human animals are failing their duty to develop in themselves the virtue of justice. This latter argument is reminiscent of Immanuel Kant''s idea that we have only indirect duties towards animals, but unlike that idea, Bauhn''s argument does not depend on any causal hypothesis that humans who are cruel to animals are likely to be cruel also to their fellow humans. Instead, Bauhn''s argument relies on the fact that being cruel to non-human animals and other innocent beings is conceptually and logically inconsistent with the virtue of justice - a virtue which agents are rationally required to develop in themselves.

Automated Software Diversity - Per Larsen - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

Whereas user-facing applications are often written in modern languages, the firmware, operating system, support libraries, and virtual machines that underpin just about any modern computer system are still written in low-level languages that value flexibility and performance over convenience and safety.

Working with Spirituality in Family Systemic Practice - Per Jensen - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

While spiritual belief can foster recovery and resilience in times of crisis, spiritual distress can also contribute to physical, emotional and relational problems.

Research and Publication Ethics - Santosh Kumar Yadav - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This textbook aims to provide awareness about research ethics, misconduct and the ensuing actions as per international law, information on open access publishing and predatory publishing.

Long-run Convergence in Greenhouse Gases, Reactive Compounds, Aerosol Precursors and Aerosols - Diego Romero Avila - Bog - Springer International

This book examines the presence of stochastic and deterministic convergence in ten series of greenhouse gases, aerosol precursors, and aerosols across 29 industrialized and emerging countries from 1820 to 2018. The author utilizes the Panel Analysis of Nonstationarity in Idiosyncratic and Common Components (PANIC) method for the empirical exercise. The analysis reveals strong evidence of stochastic convergence patterns in the series of log per capita emissions for black carbon, carbon monoxide, ammonia, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides, demonstrated by the existence of pairwise cointegration among individual series. Regarding deterministic convergence, the book provides compelling evidence of convergence in per capita emissions for black carbon, carbon monoxide, ammonia, non-methane volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide. There is also moderate evidence of convergence in per capita emissions for carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and organic carbon, and weaker evidence for methane emissions. The findings have significant implications for environmental policy, particularly in light of the observed deterministic convergence in emissions.

New Prospects of Integrating Low Substrate Temperatures with Scaling-Sustained Device Architectural Innovation - Shawon Alam - Bog - Springer

In order to sustain Moore's Law-based device scaling, principal attention has focused on toward device architectural innovations for improved device performance as per ITRS projections for technology nodes up to 10 nm. Efficient integration of lower substrate temperatures (

Same-Sex Desire and the Environment in Norwegian Literature, 1908–1979 - Per Esben Svelstad - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

Endoscopy in Small Bowel Disorders - - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This volume reviews the history of endoscopy to diagnose small bowel disorders, places other diagnostic modalities into perspective, and defines the role of capsule endoscopy and per overtube assisted and retrograde enteroscopy in disorders as disparate as gluten sensitive enteropathy, small bowel neoplasms, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Digital Communications - Jerry D. Gibson - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This book develops the concepts for the transmission of digital information sequences through analog, band limited channels, including the topics of pulse shaping, channels with amplitude and delay distortion, eye patterns, zero forcing and mean squared error equalization, and data scrambling. The text considers the effects of noise in digital communications, developing the fundamental ideas of signal space, optimum symbol-by-symbol detection, and modulation system design, with particular emphasis on maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori detection and system performance comparisons based on energy per bit to noise ratio and average error probability. The key technique of maximum likelihood sequence estimation is also developed. Tutorial coverage provides an introduction to block and convolutional codes for error control coding, including coding and decoding methods for error detection and correction, tree and trellis representations, and Viterbi decoding. Some performance comparisons for selected codes in terms of energy per bit to noise ratio versus bit error probability are presented. This book examines joint coding and modulation methods such as constant envelope modulation and trellis coded modulation, including examples such as minimum shift keying and offset quadrature phase shift keying.

Customer Behaviour in eCommerce - - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

Online shopping is undergoing significant changes around the globe, evolving in the food and non-food segments alike. Representing a vital distribution channel that reaches countless customers, sales from online shopping have long-since exceeded USD 1000 billion per year and are growing steadily. This book is intended for general readers and professionals interested in companies'' strategic orientation in connection with their online format and building and strengthening customer loyalty. In this regard, their business strategies are not considered in their full scope and complexity; instead, the book focuses more narrowly on the relationship between business strategy, buying behavior and customer loyalty.

The Physics of Renewable Energy - Martin Stutzmann - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This book provides a concise overview of the physical basics of different forms of renewable energy (water, waves, wind, solar, thermal, geothermal, biofuels), focusing on the physical limits for the efficiency and energy densities of different current technologies. It also discusses relevant aspects of materials science, physical chemistry, and biophysics. The book is based on the lecture notes of a course taught at TU München to undergraduate and graduate students of Applied Physics and related engineering disciplines. It provides material that can be taught in a one-semester course with 4 hours per week and includes a self-test section to enable students to check their understanding.

Peacebuilding in the Asia-Pacific - - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This book explores theories of conflict and peacebuilding and applies them to case studies from the Asia Pacific region, seeking to shift attention to the inherency of conflict, the constant danger of re-emergence, and the need to establish mechanisms to resolve it. The authors argue that the central focus of peacebuilding should not be state-building per se, but rather the creation of effective mechanisms for peaceful resolution of both past and newly emerging conflicts. To do so, it is important to consider the entire process of creating peace, to contemplate the linkages between conflict, resolution, and post-conflict peacebuilding, rather than focus only on the period of institution-building.

Optimization Algorithms for Distributed Machine Learning - Gauri Joshi - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This book discusses state-of-the-art stochastic optimization algorithms for distributed machine learning and analyzes their convergence speed. The book first introduces stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its distributed version, synchronous SGD, where the task of computing gradients is divided across several worker nodes. The author discusses several algorithms that improve the scalability and communication efficiency of synchronous SGD, such as asynchronous SGD, local-update SGD, quantized and sparsified SGD, and decentralized SGD. For each of these algorithms, the book analyzes its error versus iterations convergence, and the runtime spent per iteration. The author shows that each of these strategies to reduce communication or synchronization delays encounters a fundamental trade-off between error and runtime.

The Transformation of Georgia from 2004 to 2012 - Dimitri Gvindadze - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

How can developing countries become high-income nations? What are the reference points for measuring national development, public leadership and government performance? What is the nexus between public policies and geopolitical, political, emotional, historical, national governance-related, social and cultural norms, forces and factors which shape the process of the state building? This second edition of the book elaborates on many of these critical interconnections, focusing on 9 years after Georgia''s Revolution of Roses in November 2003. The book explains what can be accomplished in two electoral terms at a given starting level of GDP per capita and which pitfalls to avoid. It contributes to documenting an almost decade-long history of Georgia.

Sustainable Production of Biofuels Using Intensified Processes - Heriberto Alcocer Garcia - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This book describes for first time the synthesis and intensified process design in the production of top biofuels. The production of biofuels is not new. In 2019, global biofuel production levels reached 1,841 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day, in stark comparison to the 187 thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day that was produced in 2000. Growth has largely been driven by policies that encourage the use and production of biofuels due to the perception that it could provide energy security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in relevant sectors. From a technical point of view, almost all fuels from fossil resources could be substituted by their bio-based counterparts. However, the cost of bio-based production in many cases exceeds the cost of petrochemical production. Also, biofuels must be proven to perform at least as good as the petrochemical equivalent they are substituting and to have a lower environmental impact. The low price of crude oil acted as a barrier to biofuels production and producers focussed on the specific attributes of biofuels such as their complex structure to justify production costs. Also, the consumer demand for environmentally friendly products, population growth and limited supplies of non-renewable resources has now opened new windows of opportunity for biofuels. The industry is increasingly viewing chemical production from renewable resources as an attractive area for investment. This book uniquely introduces the application of new process intensification techniques that will allow the generation of clean, efficient and economical processes for biofuels in a competitive way in the market.

Macroeconomic Theory - Fernando De Holanda Barbosa - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

Macroeconomics is the application of economic theory to the study of the economy''s growth, cycle and price-level determination. Macroeconomics takes account of stylized facts observed in the real world and builds theoretical frameworks to explain such facts. Economic growth is a stylized fact of market economies, since England''s nineteenth-century industrial revolution. Until then, poverty was a common good for humanity. Economic growth consists in the persistent, smooth and sustained increase of per-capita income. A market economy shows periods of expanding and contracting economic activity. This phenomenon is the economic cycle. The price of money is the amount of goods bought with one unit of money, in other words, the inverse of the price level. Determination of the price level, or the value of money, is a fascinating subject in a fiat money economy.

Theory of Electromagnetic Beams - John Lekner - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

The theory of electromagnetic beams is presented in a simple and physical way, with all necessary mathematics explained in the text. The topics covered are in free-space classical electrodynamics, but contact is made with quantum theory in proofs that causal beams of various kinds can be viewed as superpositions of photons. This follows from explicit expressions for the energy, momentum and angular momentum per unit length for each type of beam. The properties of beams in the focal region, of special experimental and theoretical interest, are discussed in detail. There are eight chapters: on Fundamentals, Beam-like solutions of the Helmholtz equation, Electromagnetic beams, Polarization, Chirality, Comparison of electromagnetic beams, a chapter on Sound beams and particle beams (to show the similarities to and differences from the vector electromagnetic beams), and a final chapter on Measures of focal extent. Ten Appendices cover mathematical or associated physical topics.

Referendums Around the World - - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

Direct Democracy is inexpensive. The average cost per vote is about $ 10. So, maybe we should have more of them? Before you answer that question, you need to know the facts about this type of complementary democracy. Referendums Around the World, is a complete and comprehensive revision of the 2016 edition of Referendums Around the World, which in turn was an updated version of the 2013 edition, the proposed volume is a comprehensive revision and update of the previous book. The previous edition provided overviews of the history, legal basis, and practice of referendums around the world, with chapters on, Africa, Australia, Asia Latin America, Europe, and a special chapter on Switzerland (the sui generis of referendums). In addition, this third edition offers a completely revised introduction by the editor, a wholly revised concluding chapter by the editor, a special chapter on winning referendums including perspectives from neuroscience, as well as a list of all nationwide referendums held to date.

Food Products Evolution: Innovation Drivers and Market Trends - Angela Tarabella - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

​This Brief presents an extensive analysis on the evolution of food product categories by studying both their launch on the market and their entering into legislation. The text discusses cases of specific new products, examining their introduction into literature and regulatory measures. The work examines the relevance of product innovation in the food industry, taking a close look at the market penetration of new food categories by utilizing an innovation rate matrix. With over 18,000 new food products being launched in the US per year, new food categories are continuously introduced in both literature and legislation in order to protect consumers. New Food Products: Evolution, innovation rate, and market penetration proposes a three-part classification system for new food categories based on greener foodstuffs, healthier products and foods for good looks. Specific examples are shown for each proposed class, including highlights of their properties, technologies, innovation potential, related regulations, and distinctive features.

Environmental Process and Production Methods (PPMs) in WTO Law - David Sifonios - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This book examines the conditions under which PPM measures may be adopted under WTO law de lege lata and de lege ferenda . It analyses in detail the complex case law in this field and its evolution in the last 25 years, as well as the many doctrinal debates around PPM measures and their relevance in the light of the evolution of case law, both under the GATT and the TBT Agreement. Further, it also suggests an original approach to the interpretation of the relevant provisions of the GATT and the TBT Agreement in the context of PPM measures. The PPM issue has been one of the most debated topics in the trade and environment debate. Even though the US-Shrimp case showed that PPM measures are not prohibited per se under the GATT, many questions remain unanswered when it comes to the precise conditions under which environmental PPM measures are justifiable under WTO law, for example in the field of trade measures relating to climate change mitigation efforts, natural resources management policies and biodiversity conservation measures.

Children’s Contact with Incarcerated Parents - - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

​This Brief explores the potential effects of parent-child contact during incarceration on child and adult relationships, well-being, and parenting as well as corrections-related issues, such as institutional behavior and recidivism. It presents a literature review on what is currently known about parent-child contact during parental incarceration in addition to several empirical studies, followed by a summary, commentary, and briefing report. The empirical studies focus on contact in both jail and prison settings. Because jails in the United States handle more admissions per year than prisons - and studies of jailed parents and their children are not common in the literature - two of the three studies presented focus on jails. Following the empirical studies, a summary that includes recommendations for policy and intervention is presented, along with a commentary that explores what researchers need to do to make effective policy recommendations. This Brief is an essential resource for policy makers and related professionals, graduate students, and researchers in child and school psychology, family studies, public health, social work, law/criminal justice, and sociology.​

Implementing Supplier Diversity - Kathey K. Porter - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This book provides an in-depth view of supplier diversity programs and how they have contributed to the meteoric rise of minority businesses. Incorporating expert advice from supplier diversity practitioners as well as empirical data, it looks at the emergence of supplier diversity programs, how to make them effective, and their future. Supplier diversity ensures an open and inclusive competition for contracts during the procurement process, and the use of vendors of different backgrounds fosters a better understanding of a diverse customer base. Over the last decade the number of minority-owned firms in the US has increased 38 per cent. As the number of minority entrepreneurs continues to rise, these business owners have recognized the need for B2B opportunities, and supplier diversity programs that create the fastest path to scale and grow a small business. Porter highlights the history and impact of these programs as sources of business education as well aspipeline development for minority and women entrepreneurs. Finally, readers interested in levelling the playing field in business have a go-to source.

High-Performance Algorithms for Mass Spectrometry-Based Omics - Fahad Saeed - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

To date, processing of high-throughput Mass Spectrometry (MS) data is accomplished using serial algorithms. Developing new methods to process MS data is an active area of research but there is no single strategy that focuses on scalability of MS based methods. Mass spectrometry is a diverse and versatile technology for high-throughput functional characterization of proteins, small molecules and metabolites in complex biological mixtures. In the recent years the technology has rapidly evolved and is now capable of generating increasingly large (multiple tera-bytes per experiment) and complex (multiple species/microbiome/high-dimensional) data sets. This rapid advance in MS instrumentation must be matched by equally fast and rapid evolution of scalable methods developed for analysis of these complex data sets. Ideally, the new methods should leverage the rich heterogeneous computational resources available in a ubiquitous fashion in the form of multicore, manycore, CPU-GPU, CPU-FPGA, and IntelPhi architectures. The absence of these high-performance computing algorithms now hinders scientific advancements for mass spectrometry research. In this book we illustrate the need for high-performance computing algorithms for MS based proteomics, and proteogenomics and showcase our progress in developing these high-performance algorithms.

CO2-Reservoir Oil Miscibility - Dayanand Saini - Bog - Springer International Publishing AG - Plusbog.dk

This SpringerBrief critically examines the latest experimental and non-experimental approaches used for the fast and reliable characterization and determination of CO 2 -reservoir oil miscibility in terms of the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). This book serves as a one-stop source for developing an enhanced understanding of these available methods, and specifically documents, analyses, and evaluates their suitability and robustness for depicting and characterizing the phenomenon of CO 2 -reservoir oil miscibility in a fast and cost-effective manner. Such information can greatly assist a project team in selecting an appropriate MMP determination method as per the project''s need at a given project''s stage, be that screening, design, or implementation. CO 2 -Reservoir Oil Miscibility: Experiential and Non-Experimental Characterization and Determination Approaches will be of interest to petroleum science and engineering professionals, researchers, and undergraduate and graduate students engaged in CO 2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and/or simultaneous CO 2 -EOR and storage projects and related research. It may also be of interest to engineering and management professionals within the petroleum industry who have responsibility for implementing CO 2 -EOR projects.