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Stabilization & Modification of Cellulose Diacetate - O V Burykina - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Stabilization & Modification of Cellulose Diacetate - O V Burykina - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Cellulose and its derivatives -- cellulose acetate -- are renewed polymers, that, together with the whole complex of valuable and indispensable properties, defines continuous growth of their production. Acetate fibres differ from cellulose fibres in light and thermooxidative stability, as the presence of ester groups decreases stability of molecular structure, owing to which destructive processes begin at much lower temperatures and weak energy effects. Since macromolecules of cellulose acetate are constructed on the basis of cellulose then mechanism of photodestruction of these polymers may be considered as general. The most important energetic factor, which photodestruction of cellulose and its derivatives depend on, is intensity of irradiation and wave length. Destruction of cellulose and its derivatives under atmospheric conditions, proceeding as a result of photochemical reaction, on the whole takes place under the action of ultraviolet rays with ?=200-360 nm. Since cellulose contains three types of chromophore groups -- hydroxyl, acetate and semiacetate and also aldehyde -- then it is considered that light absorption in the region of 250-300 nm is caused just by them. At the same time some authors, bringing the possibility of light absorption by acetal chromophore in question, have put forward the supposition that photochemically active centres in cellulose materials, containing carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, may be molecular complexes between these groups, connected by the system of hydrogen bounds with definite energy of interaction. Disproportion of intermolecular bonds, providing fixation of excited state in cellulose matrix takes place in such complexes at their excitation. Thus, there are many different hypotheses, often contradicting each other, about the effect of chromophore groups on light absorption by cellulose. There are many data about the nature of free-radical particles, being formed at irradiation of cellulose by ultraviolet light. Since, being formed products of phototransformation are highly mobile and easily undergo further transformations, method of electron-paramagnetic resonance (ESP) is one of the most effective for these particles identification. Critical analysis of a great number of works on EPR spectra interpretation is quite fully given in surveys. More than 20 different radicals are being formed at ultraviolet irradiation as a result of break of practically all bonds C-C; C-H; C-O. Main types of macroradicals, with indication of atom and groups of atoms after removal of which these macroradicals are formed, are presented in scheme 1. of this book.

DKK 534.00
1

Congressional Leadership - Nicholas O. Kura - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Congressional Oversight - Martin O James - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Congressional Oversight - Martin O James - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Throughout history congress has engaged in oversight of the executive branch -- the review, monitoring and supervision of the implementation of public policy. The first several Congresses inaugurated important oversight techniques as special investigations, reporting requirements, resolutions of inquiry, and use of the appropriations process to review executive activity. Contemporary developments, moreover, have increased the legislature''s capacity and capabilities to check on and check the Executive. Public laws and congressional rules have measurably enhanced Congress''s implied power under the Constitution to conduct oversight. Despite its lengthy heritage, oversight was not given explicit recognition in public law until enactment of the Legislative Reorganisation Act of 1946. That act required House and a Senate standing committees to exercise ''continuous watchfulness'' over programs and agencies within their jurisdiction. Since the late 1960s Congress has shown increasing interest in oversight for several major reasons. These include the expansion in number and complexity of federal programs and agencies; increase in expenditures and personnel, including contract employees; rise (until recently) in the budget deficit; and the frequency divided government, with Congress and the White House controlled by different parties. Major partisan disagreements over priorities and processes also heighten conflict between the legislature and the executive. Oversight occurs in virtually any congressional activity and through a wide variety of channels, organisations, and structures. These range from formal committee hearings to informal Member contracts with executive officials, from staff studies to support agency reviews, and from casework conducted by Member offices to studies prepared by non-congressional entities, such as statutory commissions and offices of inspector general.

DKK 316.00
1

Middle East Leaders - G O Zinaki - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Political Status of Puerto Rico - James O Erhard - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Political Status of Puerto Rico - James O Erhard - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has a unique history as a part of the United States. United States suzerainty over Puerto Rico originated with the acquisition of the islands in 1898 after the conclusion of the Spanish-American War. For decades, the federal government administered government operations in Puerto Rico through military liaisons or civilian officials appointed by the President. Legislation enacted by Congress in 1950 (P.L. 81-600) and in 1952 (P.L. 82-447) granted Puerto Rico authority to establish a republican form of local government through a constitution approved by the citizens of Puerto Rico and the Congress in 1952. Puerto Rico remains subject to congressional jurisdiction under the Territorial Clause of the US Constitution. Under this authority, Congress has passed legislation that governs elements of Puerto Rico''s relationship to the United States. For example, residents of Puerto Rico hold U.S. citizenship, serve in the military, are represented in the House of Representatives by a Resident Commissioner elected to a four-year term who does not have privileges to vote on the floor of the House, are subject to federal laws and are beneficiaries of federal aid as approved by Congress, do not vote in national elections, and pay no federal income tax. While these and other aspects of the relationship of Puerto Rico to the United States are matters of record, other elements of the relationship have been and continue to be subject to debate by some officials and analysts. Some contend that the Commonwealth has a special status outside the Territorial Clause that derives from 1950 legislation ''in the nature of a compact'' agreed to by the people of Puerto Rico and Congress, as well as from declarations made to the United Nations in the 1950s. Also, certain federal court rulings and statements by past presidents buttress claims to special status. Such advocates contend that the current political status of the Commonwealth, perhaps with enhancements, remains a viable option for the future. Others argue that the commonwealth status is (or should be) only a temporary fix to a problem to be resolved in favour of other permanent non-colonial and non-territorial solutions -- either statehood or independence as a foreign nation, the latter possibly negotiated with formal ties in certain policy areas. For many years, some Members of Congress, elected representatives of Puerto Rico, federal administration officials, and interested members of the public have discussed options for reconsidering the political status of Puerto Rico. Legislation recently passed by the Puerto Rican legislature may be one factor that initiates renewed congressional attention on the political status issue. A White House task force is expected to release a report in 2005 that may serve as another catalyst for change. This book provides background information on the political status of the commonwealth and congressional actions taken over the past two decades.

DKK 588.00
1

Ba(Ti,Zr)O(-3) Functional Materials - Liliana Mitoseriu - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Young Adults with Serious Mental Illness - David O Sullivan - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

House of Representatives of the United States - N O Sneider - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Directory of Conservation Funding Sources for Developing Countries - Joseph O. Oyugi - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Optimization of Research & Clinical Applications for Combat-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - Barbara O Rothbaum - Bog - Nova Science

Wild Horses & their Management by the Bureau of Land Management - Mathew O Ardus - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Two-Dimensional Periodic Nanoscale Patterning of Solid Surfaces by Four-Beam Standing Wave Excimer Laser Lithography - D O Filatov - Bog - Nova

Ocimum basilicum - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Biohydrogen - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

57Fe Mossbauer Spectroscopic & Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study on the Interactions of the Metal Ion with Monosaccharides - Beatriz H Cardelino -

The Essential Guide to Plant Oils - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Phase Formation & Superconductivity in Copper Oxide Based YBCO & Ru-1212 & Ru-1222 Systems Prepared by Sol-Gel & Coprecipitation Techniques - Yeoh Lee

Romania - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Intelligence in the American Civil War - Thomas Allen - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Intelligence in the American Civil War - Thomas Allen - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Though much has been written about the American Civil War itself, little has been written about the spy war that went on within. The chronicling of Civil War intelligence activities challenges historians because of the lack of records, the lack of access to records, and the questionable truth of other records. Judah P. Benjamin, the Confederacy''s Secretary of State, burned all the intelligence records he could find as federal troops entered Richmond. Union intelligence records were kept sealed in the National Archives until 1953. A few individuals involved in intelligence gathering burned their personal papers while others chose to publish their memoirs, though greatly embellishing their exploits. Even today, the identities of many spies remain secret. Henry Thomas Harrison, for example, was a Confederate spy whose intelligence set in motion the events that produced the battle of Gettysburg. But neither his first name nor details of his long career as a spy were known until 1986, when historian James O. Hall published an article about him. Though the idea of centralised intelligence gathering was decades away, the age-old resistance to the idea was present even then. Neither side saw the need to create such intelligence organisations, but each side approached the idea of effectively acquiring intelligence in their own way. The Confederacy''s Signal Corps, devoted primarily to communications and intercepts, included a covert agency, the Secret Service Bureau. This unit ran espionage and counter-espionage operations in the North. Late in the war, the bureau set up a secret headquarters in Canada and sent out operatives on covert missions in Northern states. The Union''s Bureau of Military Information, unlike the Confederacy''s Secret Service Bureau, operated for specific generals rather than for the Union Army itself. But here was born the idea of what would eventually become a centralised military intelligence division. Each side still used age-old intelligence techniques, such as code-breaking, deception, and covert surveillance. However, into this modern war came two innovations that would endure as tools of espionage: wiretapping and overhead reconnaissance. What follows is a look at some of the highlights of how the North and the South gathered and used their information, the important missions, and the personalities. From this special view, the focus is not on the battlefield, but on a battle of wits.

DKK 633.00
1

No Child Left Behind - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

No Child Left Behind - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book presents the latest developments related to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, legislation to extend and revise the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), which was signed into law as P.L. 107-110 (H.R. 1). This legislation extensively amends and re-authorises many of the programs of federal aid to elementary and secondary education. Major features of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 include the following: (a) states will be required to implement standards-based assessments in reading and mathematics for pupils in each of grades 3-8 by the 2005-2006 school year, and at three grade levels in science by the 2007-2008 school year; (b) grants to states for assessment development are authorised; (c) all states will be required to participate in National Assessment of Educational Progress tests in 4th and 8th grade reading and mathematics every second year; (d) states must develop adequate yearly progress (AYP) standards, incorporating a goal of all pupils reaching a proficient or advanced level of achievement within 12 years, and apply them to each public school, local education agency (LEA), and the state overall; (e) a sequence of consequences, including public school choice and supplemental services options, would apply to schools and LEAs that fail to meet AYP standards for 2 or more consecutive years; (f) ESEA Title I allocation formulas are modified to increase targeting on high poverty states and LEAs and to move Puerto Rico gradually toward parity with the states; (g) within 3 years, all paraprofessionals paid with Title I funds must have completed at least 2 years of higher education or met a "rigorous standard of quality"; (h) several new programs aimed at improving reading instruction are authorised; (i) teacher programs are consolidated into a state grant authorising a wide range of activities such as teacher recruitment, professional development, and hiring; (j) states and LEAs participating in Title I have various requirements to ensure that teachers meet the bill''s definition of "highly qualified" by the end of the 2005-2006 school year; (k) almost all states and LEAs are authorised to transfer a portion of the funds they receive under several programs, and selected states and LEAs may consolidate funds under certain programs through performance agreements; (l) federal support of public school choice is expanded; (m) several previous programs are consolidated into a state grant supporting integration of technology into K-12 education; (n) the Bilingual and Emergency Immigrant Education Acts are consolidated into a single formula grant, with existing limits on the share of grants for specific instructional approaches eliminated; and (o) the 21st Century Community Learning Center program is converted into a formula grant with increased focus on after-school activities.

DKK 890.00
1

No Child Left Behind Act - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

No Child Left Behind Act - - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

Book & CD. On 8 January 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, legislation to extend and revise the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), was signed into law as P.L. 107-110 (H.R. 1). This legislation extensively amends and re-authorises many of the programs of federal aid to elementary and secondary education. Major features of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 include the following: (a) states will be required to implement standards-based assessments in reading and mathematics for pupils in each of grades 3-8 by the 2005-2006 school year, and at three grade levels in science by the 2007-2008 school year; (b) grants to states for assessment development are authorised; (c) all states will be required to participate in National Assessment of Educational Progress tests in 4th and 8th grade reading and mathematics every second year; (d) states must develop adequate yearly progress (AYP) standards, incorporating a goal of all pupils reaching a proficient or advanced level of achievement within 12 years, and apply them to each public school, local education agency (LEA), and the state overall; (e) a sequence of consequences, including public school choice and supplemental services options, would apply to schools and LEAs that fail to meet AYP standards for 2 or more consecutive years; (f) ESEA Title I allocation formulas are modified to increase targeting on high poverty states and LEAs and to move Puerto Rico gradually toward parity with the states; (g) within 3 years, all paraprofessionals paid with Title I funds must have completed at least 2 years of higher education or met a "rigorous standard of quality"; (h) several new programs aimed at improving reading instruction are authorised; (i) teacher programs are consolidated into a state grant authorising a wide range of activities such as teacher recruitment, professional development, and hiring; (j) states and LEAs participating in Title I have various requirements to ensure that teachers meet the bill''s definition of "highly qualified" by the end of the 2005-2006 school year; (k) almost all states and LEAs are authorised to transfer a portion of the funds they receive under several programs, and selected states and LEAs may consolidate funds under certain programs through performance agreements; (l) federal support of public school choice is expanded; (m) several previous programs are consolidated into a state grant supporting integration of technology into K-12 education; (n) the Bilingual and Emergency Immigrant Education Acts are consolidated into a single formula grant, with existing limits on the share of grants for specific instructional approaches eliminated; and (o) the 21st Century Community Learning Center program is converted into a formula grant with increased focus on after-school activities. This book and accompanying CD-ROM present the full text of the Act and important interpretations of it.

DKK 514.00
1

What Mum Taught Us - Theodora Issa - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

What Mum Taught Us - Theodora Issa - Bog - Nova Science Publishers Inc - Plusbog.dk

This book would not have been possible without the existence of that brilliant, vivid, bright, superb, wonderful, luminous, radiant, and very beautiful person whom the authors simply refer to as ''Mum'', or in their Aramaic (Syriac) language, ÜÜ Ü. Their mother was always there for them as they went through the highs and lows of their lives, always encouraging and helping them throughout her life, and this help continued even when the authors became adults. She continued to be a source of great help until she answered God''s call and went into her eternal sleep on that Wednesday afternoon in March of 2016. This book is written by her five children and is an attempt to keep o Bathqyomo Marine Khoury-Issa''s memory alive. The idea of this book came to the authors as they remembered that their mother usually encouraged them to pursue their dreams, and she (together with their father) worked very hard to help them reach different milestones in their lives despite the immense difficulties that they faced. Therefore, the authors thought of sharing with others through the pages of this book some of what their mother had taught them, how she made them aware of the plight of everyone around them. Indeed, what their mother used to do throughout her life came naturally and was welcomed by all. Her children felt the way she dealt with them and all those whom she knew was something unique to her, as it came directly from her beautiful heart and delightful soul. It was the magic of her beautiful smile, the kindness of her heart and the selfless actions that she was known for, as she felt being an Orthodox priest''s wife has immense responsibilities of being with the happy, the grieving, the sick, the gravely ill, the displaced, those who belonged to her church and others from outside the church, providing for all of them in a way that was calm, comforting and seamless. Their mother hailed from Mesopotamia, "the land between the two rivers". Mesopotamia is the place that is referred to as the "Cradle of Western Civilization". Therefore, it is worthwhile to mention in this book some of the literature that talks about this great civilization that their parents brought them nearer to by what they taught, told and asked the authors to read in history books. The recipes included in this book were taught to the authors by their mother, and thus have a Mesopotamian origin. This book is dedicated to the authors'' mother, Bathqyomo Marine Khoury-Issa, with her unique characteristics as a spouse, mother and matriarch of the Issa family. Her care put continues to exist in the food she used to cook (both main dishes and sweets), the care she gave to the garden, the way she faced life and the way she welcomed people into her home and family.

DKK 891.00
1