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Key Performance Indicators for Federal Facilities Portfolios - Federal Facilities Council Ad Hoc - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Key Performance Indicators for Federal Facilities Portfolios - Federal Facilities Council Ad Hoc - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

More than 30 federal departments and agencies with a range of missions and programs manage large inventories of facilities, also called portfolios. This study lays out a framework for developing and evaluating trends in facilities portfolio conditions, investments, and costs and identifies key indicators that can be used to track performance.

DKK 208.00
1

Lost Crops of the Incas - Ad Hoc Panel Of The Advisory Committee On Technology Innovation - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Lost Crops of the Incas - Ad Hoc Panel Of The Advisory Committee On Technology Innovation - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

This fascinating, readable volume is filled with enticing, detailed information about more than 30 different Incan crops that promise to follow the potato's lead and become important contributors to the world's food supply. Some of these overlooked foods offer special advantages for developing nations, such as high nutritional quality and excellent yields. Many are adaptable to areas of the United States. Lost Crops of the Incas includes vivid color photographs of many of the crops and describes the authors' experiences in growing, tasting, and preparing them in different ways. This book is for the gourmet and gourmand alike, as well as gardeners, botanists, farmers, and agricultural specialists in developing countries. Table of ContentsFront MatterIntroductionPart I: Roots and TubersAchiraAhipaArracachaMacaMashuaMaukaOcaPotatoesUllucoYaconPart II: GrainsKaniwaKiwichaQuinoaPart III: LegumesBasulNunas- Popping BeansTarwiPart IV: VegetablesPeppersSquashes and Their RelativesPart V: FruitsBerriesCapuli CherryCherimoyaGoldenberry- Cape GooseberryHighland PapayasLucumaNaranjilla- LuloPacay- Ice-Cream BeansPassionfruitsPepinoTamarillo- Tree TomatoPart IV: NutsQuito PalmWalnutsA Selected ReadingsB Centers of Andean Crop ResearchC Research ContactsD Biographical Sketches of Panel MembersIndex of PlantsAdvisory Committee on Technology InnovationBOSTID PublicationsPicture Plates

DKK 630.00
1

An Assessment of the Science Proposed for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) - Ad Hoc Committee To Assess The Science

An Assessment of the Science Proposed for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) - Ad Hoc Committee To Assess The Science

According to the big bang theory, our Universe began in a state of unimaginably high energy and density, contained in a space of subatomic dimensions. At that time, unlike today, the fundamental forces of nature were presumably unified and the particles present were interacting at energies not attainable by present-day accelerators. Underground laboratories provide the conditions to investigate processes involving rare phenomena in matter and to detect the weak effects of highly elusive particles by replicating similar environments to those once harnessed during the earliest states of the Earth. These laboratories now appear to be the gateway to understanding the physics of the grand unification of the forces of nature. Built to shield extremely sensitive detectors from the noise of their surroundings and the signals associated with cosmic rays, underground facilities have been established during the last 30 years at a number of sites worldwide. To date, the United States' efforts to develop such facilities have been modest and consist primarily of small underground laboratories. However, the U.S. underground community has pushed for larger underground facilities on the scale of major laboratories in other countries. An Assessment of the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) addresses this matter by evaluating the major physics questions and experiments that could be explored with the proposed DUSEL. Measuring the potential impact, this assessment also examines the broader effects of the DUSEL in regards to education and public outreach, and evaluates the need associated with developing U.S. programs similar to science programs in other regions of the world. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Overview2 Description of Underground Facilities3 Science Assessments4 Impacts of a National Underground FacilityAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Meeting AgendasAppendix C: Biographies of Committee MembersAppendix D: Survey of the Principal Underground Laboratories

DKK 279.00
1

Assessing the Impact of Applications of Digital Health Records on Alzheimer's Disease Research - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies

Assessing the Impact of Applications of Digital Health Records on Alzheimer's Disease Research - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies

Health information technology is providing patients, clinicians, and researchers with access to data that will enable novel approaches to science and medicine. Digital health records (DHRs) are capable of being shared across different health care settings for the examination of possible trends and long-term changes in a patient's disease progression or status as well as the effectiveness of the health care delivery system. While prevalence of paper records remains high, there has been a rapid trend toward the digitalization of medical and health records in many countries. DHRs are widely viewed as essential for improving health, reducing medical errors, and lowering costs. However, given that these databases have the potential to house the complete medical and health information of individuals, the potential misuse, de-identification or breaching of this data may have serious implications. On July 20, 2015, the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a public session at the 2015 Alzheimer's Association International Conference to assess the impact of DHRs on Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. An estimated 46.8 million people worldwide are currently living with dementia, and the prevalence is expected to double every year for the next 20 years. Given the few therapies currently available to treat the symptoms of AD, compared to other central nervous system disorders, participants explored how DHRs may be used to help improve clinical trial design and methodology for AD research. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Overview2 Building Infrastructure to Enable Data Sharing and Management3 Ethical, Legal, and Societal Considerations4 Potential Next StepsAppendix A: ReferencesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Participant Biographies

DKK 292.00
1

Social Media and Adolescent Health - Committee On The Impact Of Social Media On Adolescent Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Social Media and Adolescent Health - Committee On The Impact Of Social Media On Adolescent Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Social media has been fully integrated into the lives of most adolescents in the U.S., raising concerns among parents, physicians, public health officials, and others about its effect on mental and physical health. Over the past year, an ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examined the research and produced this detailed report exploring that effect and laying out recommendations for policymakers, regulators, industry, and others in an effort to maximize the good and minimize the bad. Focus areas include platform design, transparency and accountability, digital media literacy among young people and adults, online harassment, and supporting researchers. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 How Social Media Work3 Potential Benefits of Social Media4 The Relation between Social Media and Health5 Design Features6 Training and Education7 Online Harassment8 ResearchAppendix A: Committee Member BiosketchesAppendix B: Open Session Meeting AgendasAppendix C: Table of Recent Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses on the Association Between Social Media and Adolescent Health

DKK 390.00
1

Exploring Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Exploring Lessons Learned from a Century of Outbreaks - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In November 2018, an ad hoc planning committee at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine planned two sister workshops held in Washington, DC, to examine the lessons from influenza pandemics and other major outbreaks, understand the extent to which the lessons have been learned, and discuss how they could be applied further to ensure that countries are sufficiently ready for future pandemics. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from both workshops. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Is the World Ready to Respond to the Next Influenza Pandemic?3 Global Progress to Prepare for the Next Influenza Pandemic4 Reflections on a Century of Infectious Disease Outbreaks and Pandemics5 Building Local and National Capacities for Outbreak Preparedness6 A Spectrum of Considerations for Pandemic Vaccines7 The Development of the PIP Framework: Global Lessons on Equity and Fairness for Pandemic Preparedness8 Overcoming Impediments to Achieving Greater Preparedness9 Visions on Potential Priorities and Actions for Preparedness by 2030ReferencesAppendix A: Commissioned PaperAppendix B: Workshop Statement of TaskAppendix C: Pre-Workshop AgendaAppendix D: Workshop AgendaAppendix E: Biographical Sketches of Pre-Workshop and Workshop Speakers and Moderators

DKK 396.00
1

Quality in the Undergraduate Experience - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Quality in the Undergraduate Experience - Policy And Global Affairs - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Students, parents, and government agencies need as much information as possible about the outcomes of the higher education experience and the extent to which they can expect a fair return on their investment in higher education.In order to better understand the concept of quality - enabling students to acquire knowledge in a variety of disciplines and deep knowledge in at least one discipline, as well as to develop a range of skills and habits of mind that prepare them for career success, engaged citizenship, intercultural competence, social responsibility, and continued intellectual growth - an ad hoc planning committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Board on Higher Education and Workforce, with funding from the Lumina Foundation, organized a workshop in Washington, D.C., on December 14-15, 2015.This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of that event. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Defining Quality3 Improving Quality4 Measuring and Communicating Quality5 Suggested ActionsAppendixesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Quality in the Undergraduate Experience - A Discussion DocumentAppendix C: Defining and Measuring Institutional Quality in Higher EducationAppendix D: Planning Committee and Staff Biographies

DKK 318.00
1

Space Radiation and Astronaut Health - Nuclear And Radiation Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Space Radiation and Astronaut Health - Nuclear And Radiation Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Astronauts face unique health-related risks during crewed space missions, and longer-duration missions that extend to greater distances in our solar system (including to the Moon and Mars) will likely increase those risks. Cancer risks due to ionizing radiation exposure are one of these health-related risks. Assessing, managing, and communicating radiation-induced cancer risks associated with spaceflight are challenging because of incomplete knowledge of the radiation environment in space, limited data on radiation-induced cellular damage mechanisms, lack of direct observations from epidemiological studies, and the complexities of understanding radiation risk. At the request of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), an ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened to provide advice on NASA's proposed updates to their space radiation health standard, which sets the allowable limit of space radiation exposure throughout the course of an astronaut's career. Space Radiation and Astronaut Health: Managing and Communicating Cancer Risks provides the committee's recommendations and conclusions regarding the updated space radiation health standard, NASA's radiation risk communication strategies, and a process for developing an ethics-informed waiver protocol for long-duration spaceflight missions. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Space Radiation and Cancer Risks to Astronauts3 NASA's Spaceflight Radiation Exposure Standard4 Communicating About Radiation-Induced Cancer RisksAppendix A: Study MethodsAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff

DKK 344.00
1

Scanning for New Evidence on Riboflavin to Support a Dietary Reference Intake Review - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

Scanning for New Evidence on Riboflavin to Support a Dietary Reference Intake Review - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of evidence-based nutrient reference values for intakes that include the full range of age, gender, and life stage groups in the US and Canada. At the request of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad hoc committee to carry out a literature search and evidence scan of the peer-reviewed published literature on indicators of nutritional requirements, toxicity, and chronic disease risk reduction for riboflavin. Scanning for New Evidence on Riboflavin to Support a Dietary Reference Intake Review builds on the methodology for evidence scanning nutrients (which have existing DRIs) to determine whether there is new and relevant knowledge available that may merit a formal reexamination of DRIs for riboflavin. This report offers comments on the methodological approach to the evidence scan and discusses its findings and interpretation of the process to provide the study sponsors with a greater context to support their interpretation and application of the reported results. Table of ContentsFront MatterAbstract1 Introduction2 Methodological Approach to Evidence Scanning3 Results4 Discussion and Future DirectionsAppendix A: Acronyms and AbbreviationsAppendix B: Open Session AgendaAppendix C: Literature SearchesAppendix D: Committee Member BiographiesAppendix E: Excluded Articles

DKK 266.00
1

Communicating Clearly About Medicines - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Communicating Clearly About Medicines - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Research conducted over the past two decades has shown that poor patient understanding of medication instructions is an important contributor to the more than 1 million medication errors and adverse drug events that lead to office and emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and even death. Patients who have limited literacy skills, who have multiple comorbidities, and who are elderly face the greatest risk, and limited literacy skills are significantly associated with inadequate understanding and use of prescription instructions and precautions. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality notes that only 12 percent of U.S. adults have proficient health literacy that allows them to interpret a prescription label correctly. Given the importance of health literacy to the proper use of medications, and the apparent lack of progress in improving medication adherence, the Roundtable on Health Literacy formed an ad hoc committee to plan and conduct a 1-day public workshop that featured invited presentations and discussion of the role and challenges regarding clarity of communication on medication. Participants focused on using health literacy principles to address clarity of materials, decision aids, and other supportive tools and technologies regarding risks, benefits, alternatives, and health plan coverage. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Workshop Overview2 Patient and Caregiver Perspectives3 Approaches to Health-Literate Medication Instructions4 Translating Research into Practice: Case Studies5 Exploring the Future of Health-Literate Design6 Reflections on the DayReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers, Moderators, and Reactors

DKK 344.00
1

Developing Policing Practices that Build Legitimacy - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

Developing Policing Practices that Build Legitimacy - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

Scholars, policymakers, and the public view police legitimacy and community trust in the police alike as essential components of an effective police organization. An extensive network of international and regional organizations, bilateral donors, international financial institutions, and civil society organizations aims to work with governments to improve policing practices and enhance police legitimacy. As a part of that network, the U.S. Department of State, through its Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), provides foreign assistance to and supports capacity building for criminal justice systems and police organizations in approximately 90 countries. Like many donors, it strives to direct its resources to the most effective approaches to achieve its mission. At the request of INL, the Committee on Law and Justice of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened an ad hoc committee to review, assess, and reach consensus on existing evidence on policing institutions, police practices and capacities, and police legitimacy in the international context. The committee produced five reports, addressing questions of interest to INL and the State Department. Developing Policing Practices that Build Legitimacy, the fourth in this series, responds to the question: What policing practices build community trust and legitimacy in countries with low-to-moderate criminal justice sector capacity? This report focuses on the concept of legitimacy and ways of building legitimacy to foster this kind of trust and expectations. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive Summary1 Introduction2 Four Pillars of Legitimacy3 The State of the Empirical EvidenceReferencesAppendix: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff

DKK 195.00
1

Achieving High-Performance Federal Facilities - Board On Infrastructure And The Constructed Environment - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Achieving High-Performance Federal Facilities - Board On Infrastructure And The Constructed Environment - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The design, construction, operation, and retrofit of buildings is evolving in response to ever-increasing knowledge about the impact of indoor environments on people and the impact of buildings on the environment. Research has shown that the quality of indoor environments can affect the health, safety, and productivity of the people who occupy them. Buildings are also resource intensive, accounting for 40 percent of primary energy use in the United States, 12 percent of water consumption, and 60 percent of all non-industrial waste. The processes for producing electricity at power plants and delivering it for use in buildings account for 40 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. federal government manages approximately 429,000 buildings of many types with a total square footage of 3.34 billion worldwide, of which about 80 percent is owned space. More than 30 individual departments and agencies are responsible for managing these buildings. The characteristics of each agency's portfolio of facilities are determined by its mission and its programs. In 2010, GSA's Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings asked the National Academies to appoint an ad hoc committee of experts to conduct a public workshop and prepare a report that identified strategies and approaches for achieving a range of objectives associated with high-performance green federal buildings. Achieving High-Performance Federal Facilities identifies examples of important initiatives taking place and available resources. The report explores how these examples could be used to help make sustainability the preferred choice at all levels of decision making. Achieving High-Performance Federal Facilities can serve as a valuable guide federal agencies with differing missions, types of facilities, and operating procedures.

DKK 260.00
1

The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies

The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies

Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. Missing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.

DKK 292.00
1

Building Community Disaster Resilience Through Private-Public Collaboration - Geographical Sciences Committee - Bog - National Academies Press -

Building Community Disaster Resilience Through Private-Public Collaboration - Geographical Sciences Committee - Bog - National Academies Press -

Natural disasters—including hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and floods—caused more than 220,000 deaths worldwide in the first half of 2010 and wreaked havoc on homes, buildings, and the environment. To withstand and recover from natural and human-caused disasters, it is essential that citizens and communities work together to anticipate threats, limit their effects, and rapidly restore functionality after a crisis. Increasing evidence indicates that collaboration between the private and public sectors could improve the ability of a community to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. Several previous National Research Council reports have identified specific examples of the private and public sectors working cooperatively to reduce the effects of a disaster by implementing building codes, retrofitting buildings, improving community education, or issuing extreme-weather warnings. State and federal governments have acknowledged the importance of collaboration between private and public organizations to develop planning for disaster preparedness and response. Despite growing ad hoc experience across the country, there is currently no comprehensive framework to guide private-public collaboration focused on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. Building Community Disaster Resilience through Private-Public Collaboration assesses the current state of private-public sector collaboration dedicated to strengthening community resilience, identifies gaps in knowledge and practice, and recommends research that could be targeted for investment. Specifically, the book finds that local-level private-public collaboration is essential to the development of community resilience. Sustainable and effective resilience-focused private-public collaboration is dependent on several basic principles that increase communication among all sectors of the community, incorporate flexibility into collaborative networks, and encourage regular reassessment of collaborative missions, goals, and practices. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 A Conceptual Framework for Resilience-Focused Private–Public Collaborative Networks3 Guidelines forCommunity-Based Private–Public Collaboration4 Challenges to Sustainable Resilience-Focused Collaboration5 Research OpportunitiesAppendixesAppendix A: Committee BiographiesAppendix B: Committee Meeting Agendas

DKK 305.00
1

Progress of Four Programs from the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

Progress of Four Programs from the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press -

Substance use disorder (SUD) and opioid use disorder are significant public health threats that affect millions of Americans each year. To help address overdose deaths and lack of access to treatment, the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA) was signed into law on July 22, 2016. CARA is extensive legislation intended to address many facets of the opioid epidemic, including prevention, treatment, recovery, law enforcement, criminal justice reform, and overdose reversal. It authorizes more than $181 million each year in new funding to fight the opioid epidemic and it requires the implementation of programs and services across the United States to address SUD and recovery. Following the passage of CARA, the Departments of Education, Health and Human Services (HHS), and Labor, along with the 2018 Related Agencies Appropriations Act, included appropriations for a study of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) components in CARA, to be conducted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. In response to this charge, the National Academies formed an ad hoc committee to review outcomes achieved by four programs funded by SAMHSA through CARA: State Pilot Grant Program for Treatment for Pregnant and Postpartum Women (PPW-PLT), Building Communities of Recovery (BCOR), Improving Access to Overdose Treatment (OD Treatment Access), and First Responders (FR-CARA). The committee's review is designed to result in three reports over 5 years. This report, the second in the series, reviews reported outcomes and metrics to assess progress toward achieving program goals. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction and Background2 PPW-PLT and BCOR Programs3 OD Treatment Access and FR-CARA Programs4 ConclusionsReferencesAppendix A: Supplementary Program InformationAppendix B: Summary Tables of CSAT GPRA DataAppendix C: Summary of Committee Recommendations in Report 1Appendix D: Committee Biographical Sketches

DKK 370.00
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Relevance of Health Literacy to Precision Medicine - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Relevance of Health Literacy to Precision Medicine - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

On January 20, 2015, President Obama announced the Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) in his State of the Union address. The PMI, by developing new approaches for detecting, measuring, and analyzing a wide range of biomedical information including molecular, genomic, cellular, clinical, behavioral, physiological, and environmental parameters, is intended to enable a new era of medicine in which researchers, providers, and patients work together to develop individualized care. Part of this effort included the creation of a national, large-scale research participant group, or cohort. The PMI Cohort Program is aimed at extending precision medicine to many diseases, including both rare and common diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and mental illnesses such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, by building a national research cohort of 1 million or more U.S. participants. An important challenge to assembling the PMI Cohort will be to reach individuals who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. Individuals who are socioeconomically disadvantaged have lower health literacy; often belong to racial, ethnic, and minority communities; and are often less likely to participate in research studies and biorepositories. To explore possible strategies and messaging designs, the Roundtable on Health Literacy formed an ad hoc committee charged with planning and conducting a 1-day public workshop on the intersection of health literacy and precision medicine. The workshop participants discussed a variety of topics including an overview of precision medicine and its potential, the relevance of health literacy to the success of precision medicine efforts, and perspectives and understanding of different groups, such as health care providers, consumers, and insurers. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Genetic Literacy3 The Intersection of Health Literacy and Precision Medicine4 Health Literacy in Precision Medicine Research5 Communicating Risk and Uncertainty in the Clinical Setting6 Communicating with the Public7 Reflections on the DayReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers, Moderators, and Reactors

DKK 318.00
1

Learning Through Citizen Science - Committee On Designing Citizen Science To Support Science Learning - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Learning Through Citizen Science - Committee On Designing Citizen Science To Support Science Learning - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

In the last twenty years, citizen science has blossomed as a way to engage a broad range of individuals in doing science. Citizen science projects focus on, but are not limited to, nonscientists participating in the processes of scientific research, with the intended goal of advancing and using scientific knowledge. A rich range of projects extend this focus in myriad directions, and the boundaries of citizen science as a field are not clearly delineated. Citizen science involves a growing community of professional practitioners, participants, and stakeholders, and a thriving collection of projects. While citizen science is often recognized for its potential to engage the public in science, it is also uniquely positioned to support and extend participants' learning in science. Contemporary understandings of science learning continue to advance. Indeed, modern theories of learning recognize that science learning is complex and multifaceted. Learning is affected by factors that are individual, social, cultural, and institutional, and learning occurs in virtually any context and at every age. Current understandings of science learning also suggest that science learning extends well beyond content knowledge in a domain to include understanding of the nature and methods of science. Learning Through Citizen Science: Enhancing Opportunities by Design discusses the potential of citizen science to support science learning and identifies promising practices and programs that exemplify the promising practices. This report also lays out a research agenda that can fill gaps in the current understanding of how citizen science can support science learning and enhance science education. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Mapping the Landscape3 Overview of Citizen Science as a Context for Learning4 Processes of Learning and Learning in Science5 Citizen Science as an Opportunity for Science Learning6 Designing for Learning7 Conclusions and RecommendationsAppendix A: Demographic Analyses of Citizen ScienceAppendix B: The Evolution of Learning for DesignAppendix C: Characteristics of Science Learning in Citizen Science Projects: An Ad Hoc ReviewAppendix D: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff

DKK 344.00
1

SBIR at the National Science Foundation - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

SBIR at the National Science Foundation - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships, and was established in 1982 to encourage small businesses to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support of the U.S. government's many missions. The U.S. Congress tasked the National Research Council with undertaking a comprehensive study of how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs, and with recommending further improvements to the program. In the first round of this study, an ad hoc committee prepared a series of reports from 2004 to 2009 on the SBIR program at the five agencies responsible for 96 percent of the program's operations—including the National Science Foundation (NSF). Building on the outcomes from the first round, this second round presents the committee's second review of the NSF SBIR program's operations. Public-private partnerships like SBIR are particularly important since today's knowledge economy is driven in large part by the nation's capacity to innovate. One of the defining features of the U.S. economy is a high level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs in the United States see opportunities and are willing and able to assume risk to bring new welfare-enhancing, wealth-generating technologies to the market. Yet, although discoveries in areas such as genomics, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology present new opportunities, converting these discoveries into innovations for the market involves substantial challenges. The American capacity for innovation can be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by entrepreneurs. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 NSF and Its SBIR Program3 SBIR Awards at the National Science Foundation4 Commercial and Knowledge Outcomes5 The Phase IIB Program6 Insights from Case Studies and Extended Survey Responses7 Findings and RecommendationsAppendixesAppendix A: Overview of Methodological Approaches, Data Sources, and Survey ToolsAppendix B: Major Changes to the SBIR Program Resulting from the 2011 SBIR Reauthorization Act, Public Law 112-81, December 2011Appendix C: 2011 Survey InstrumentAppendix D: 2010 Phase IIB Survey InstrumentAppendix E: Case StudiesAppendix F: Bibliography

DKK 448.00
1

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Transformational Medical Technologies (TMT) has been a unique component of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) medical biodefense efforts since 2006. Its mission is to advance countermeasure research and development in support of the broader goal of the DoD to protect warfighters from emerging infectious diseases and future genetically engineered biological weapons. The TMT, using advanced science and technology approaches, focused on the development of roadspectrum countermeasures that target common host and pathogen pathways or enhance the host's immune response. Many of these pathogens are lethal or cause such debilitating diseases in humans that it is ethically inappropriate to test the efficacy of these countermeasures in human volunteers. In lieu of human participants, these products may be tested in animals and approved for human use under the provisions of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s 2002 Animal Rule. The reliance on animal models for the development and licensure of medical countermeasures against biothreats is challenging for a number of reasons. The ad hoc Committee on Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents prepared a consensus report that would address the challenges stemming from developing and testing medical countermeasures against biothreat agents in animal models. Animal Models for Assessing Countermeasures to Bioterrorism Agents evaluates how well the existing TMT-employed or candidate animal models reflect the pathophysiology, clinical picture, and treatment of human disease as related to the agents of interest. The report addresses the process and/or feasibility of developing new animal models for critical biodefense research, placing emphasis on the need for a robust and expeditious validation process in terms of the FDA's Animal Rule. The report also evaluates alternatives to the use of animal models based on the premise of the Three Rs. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Evaluation of Current and Future TMT-Used Animal Models3 Ethical and Regulatory Challenges in the Development of Countermeasures4 Developing New Animal Models for Biodefense Research5 Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing for Biodefense CountermeasuresAppendix A: The Animal RuleAppendix B: Draft Guidance for IndustryAppendix C: Developing Animal Models for Use in Animal Rule Licensure: The NIAID ApproachAppendix D: Presentations to the CommitteeAppendix E: Statement of TaskAppendix F: About the Authors

DKK 299.00
1

SBIR at NASA - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

SBIR at NASA - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships, and was established in 1982 to encourage small businesses to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support of the U.S. government's many missions. The U.S. Congress tasked the National Research Council with undertaking a comprehensive study of how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs, and with recommending further improvements to the program. In the first round of this study, an ad hoc committee prepared a series of reports from 2004 to 2009 on the SBIR program at the five agencies responsible for 96 percent of the program's operations—including NASA. In a follow-up to the first round, NASA requested from the Academies an assessment focused on operational questions in order to identify further improvements to the program. Public-private partnerships like SBIR are particularly important since today's knowledge economy is driven in large part by the nation's capacity to innovate. One of the defining features of the U.S. economy is a high level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs in the United States see opportunities and are willing and able to assume risk to bring new welfare-enhancing, wealth-generating technologies to the market. Yet, although discoveries in various fields present new opportunities, converting these discoveries into innovations for the market involves substantial challenges. The American capacity for innovation can be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by entrepreneurs. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Program Management3 Program Initiatives4 SBIR Awards5 Quantitative Outcomes6 Participation of Women and Minorities7 Insights from Survey Responses and Case Studies8 Findings and RecommendationsAppendixesAppendix A: Overview of Methodological Approaches, Data Sources, and Survey ToAppendix B: Major Changes to the SBIR Program Resulting from the 2011 SBIR Reauthorization Act, P.L. 112-81, December 2011Appendix C: 2011 Survey InstrumentAppendix D: List of Universities Involved in Surveyed NASA SBIR AwardsAppendix E: Case StudiesAppendix F: Annex 1 to Chapter 5: Supplemental 2011 Survey DataAppendix G: Annex 2 to Chapter 5: Department of Defense Data on NASA SBIR AwardsAppendix H: GlossaryAppendix I: Bibliography

DKK 435.00
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Seeing the Future with Imaging Science - The National Academies Keck Futures Initiatives - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Seeing the Future with Imaging Science - The National Academies Keck Futures Initiatives - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Imaging science has the power to illuminate regions as remote as distant galaxies, and as close to home as our own bodies. Many of the disciplines that can benefit from imaging share common technical problems, yet researchers often develop ad hoc methods for solving individual tasks without building broader frameworks that could address many scientific problems. At the 2010 National Academies Keck Futures Initiative Conference on Imaging Science, researchers from academia, industry, and government formed 14 interdisciplinary teams created to find a common language and structure for developing new technologies, processing and recovering images, mining imaging data, and visualizing it effectively. The teams spent nine hours over two days exploring diverse challenges at the interface of science, engineering, and medicine. NAKFI Seeing the Future with Imaging Science contains the summaries written by each team. These summaries describe the problem and outline the approach taken, including what research needs to be done to understand the fundamental science behind the challenge, the proposed plan for engineering the application, the reasoning that went into it, and the benefits to society of the problem solution. Table of ContentsFront MatterConference SummaryIDR Team Summary 1: Develop a method to integrate neuroimaging technologies at different length and time scales. IDR Team Summary 2: Identify the mathematical and computational tools that are needed to bring recent insights from theoretical image science and rigorous methods of task-based assessment of image quality into routine use in all areas of imaging. IDR Team Summary 3: Develop and validate new methods for detecting and classifying meaningful changes between two images taken at different times or within temporal sequences of images. IDR Team Summary 4: Develop a telescope or starshade that would allow planetary systems around neighboring stars to be imaged. IDR Team Summary 5: How can we extend the domain of adaptive optics and adaptive imaging to new application, and how can we objectively compare adaptive and non-adaptive approaches to specific imaging problems?IDR Team Summary 6: What are the tools and validation methods required to develop clinically useful non-invasive imaging biomarkers of psychiatric disease?IDR Team Summary 7: Find novel ways to use imaging methods to improve the treatment of diseases. IDR Team Summary 8: Develop image-specialized database tools for data stewardship and system design in large-scale applications. AppendixesList of Imaging Science Webcast TutorialsAgendaParticipant List

DKK 240.00
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SBIR/STTR at the Department of Energy - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

SBIR/STTR at the Department of Energy - Technology Committee On Capitalizing On Science - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships, and was established in 1982 to encourage small businesses to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support of the U.S. government's many missions. The Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program was created in 1992 by the Small Business Research and Development Enhancement Act to expand joint venture opportunities for small businesses and nonprofit research institutions by requiring small business recipients to collaborate formally with a research institution. The U.S. Congress tasked the National Research Council with undertaking a comprehensive study of how the SBIR and STTR programs have stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs, and with recommending further improvements to the programs. In the first round of this study, an ad hoc committee prepared a series of reports from 2004 to 2009 on the SBIR and STTR programs at the five agencies responsible for 96 percent of the programs' operations—including the Department of Energy (DoE). Building on the outcomes from the first round, this second round presents the committee's second review of the DoE SBIR program's operations. Public-private partnerships like SBIR and STTR are particularly important since today's knowledge economy is driven in large part by the nation's capacity to innovate. One of the defining features of the U.S. economy is a high level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs in the United States see opportunities and are willing and able to assume risk to bring new welfare-enhancing, wealth-generating technologies to the market. Yet, although discoveries in areas such as genomics, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology present new opportunities, converting these discoveries into innovations for the market involves substantial challenges. The American capacity for innovation can be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by entrepreneurs. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Program Management3 DoE Initiatives4 SBIR and STTR Awards at DoE5 Quantitative Outcomes6 Participation of Women and Minorities7 Insights from Case Studies and Survey Responses8 Findings and RecommendationsAppendixesAppendix A: Overview of Methodological Approaches, Data Sources, and Survey ToolsAppendix B: Major Changes to the SBIR and STTR Programs Resulting from the 2011 SBIR Reauthorization Act, P.L. 112-81, December 2011Appendix C: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2014 SBIR/STTR SurveyAppendix D: List of Research Institutions Involved in Surveyed DoE SBIR/STTR AwardsAppendix E: Case StudiesAppendix F: Annex to Chapter 5: Extended 2014 Survey DataAppendix G: GlossaryAppendix H: Bibliography

DKK 422.00
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Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident for Improving Safety of U.S. Nuclear Plants - Nuclear And Radiation Studies Board - Bog - National

Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident for Improving Safety of U.S. Nuclear Plants - Nuclear And Radiation Studies Board - Bog - National

The March 11, 2011, Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami sparked a humanitarian disaster in northeastern Japan. They were responsible for more than 15,900 deaths and 2,600 missing persons as well as physical infrastructure damages exceeding $200 billion. The earthquake and tsunami also initiated a severe nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. Three of the six reactors at the plant sustained severe core damage and released hydrogen and radioactive materials. Explosion of the released hydrogen damaged three reactor buildings and impeded onsite emergency response efforts. The accident prompted widespread evacuations of local populations, large economic losses, and the eventual shutdown of all nuclear power plants in Japan. Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident for Improving Safety and Security of U.S. Nuclear Plants is a study of the Fukushima Daiichi accident. This report examines the causes of the crisis, the performance of safety systems at the plant, and the responses of its operators following the earthquake and tsunami. The report then considers the lessons that can be learned and their implications for U.S. safety and storage of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste, commercial nuclear reactor safety and security regulations, and design improvements. Lessons Learned makes recommendations to improve plant systems, resources, and operator training to enable effective ad hoc responses to severe accidents. This report's recommendations to incorporate modern risk concepts into safety regulations and improve the nuclear safety culture will help the industry prepare for events that could challenge the design of plant structures and lead to a loss of critical safety functions. In providing a broad-scope, high-level examination of the accident, Lessons Learned is meant to complement earlier evaluations by industry and regulators. This in-depth review will be an essential resource for the nuclear power industry, policy makers, and anyone interested in the state of U.S. preparedness and response in the face of crisis situations. Table of ContentsFront MatterSynopsisSummary1 Introduction2 Background on Japanese and U.S. Nuclear Plants3 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami and Impacts on Japanese Nuclear Plants4 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident5 Lessons Learned: Plant Operations and Safety Regulations6 Lessons Learned: Offsite Emergency Management7 Lessons Learned: Nuclear Safety CultureReferencesAppendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee, Technical Advisor, and StaffAppendix B: Presentations, Breakout Sessions, and VisitsAppendix C: Detailed Accident Time LineAppendix D: Operation and Support OrganizationsAppendix E: Recommendations from Other OrganizationsAppendix F: Regulator and Industry Actions in the United StatesAppendix G: Hydrogen Control in Severe AccidentsAppendix H: Nuclear Plant Emergency Procedures and GuidelinesAppendix I: Probabilistic Risk AssessmentAppendix J: Human Reliability AnalysisAppendix K: Tsunami Hazards in the Atlantic Ocean BasinAppendix L: Factoring the Costs of Severe Nuclear Accidents into Backfit DecisionsAppendix M: Access to Timely and Reliable Information to Support Decision Making During a Nuclear Power Plant AccidentAppendix N: Conversions and UnitsAppendix O: Acronyms

DKK 474.00
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The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 - National Academy Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 - National Academy Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The decade ahead will test the nation's nearly 4 million nurses in new and complex ways. Nurses live and work at the intersection of health, education, and communities. Nurses work in a wide array of settings and practice at a range of professional levels. They are often the first and most frequent line of contact with people of all backgrounds and experiences seeking care and they represent the largest of the health care professions. A nation cannot fully thrive until everyone - no matter who they are, where they live, or how much money they make - can live their healthiest possible life, and helping people live their healthiest life is and has always been the essential role of nurses. Nurses have a critical role to play in achieving the goal of health equity, but they need robust education, supportive work environments, and autonomy. Accordingly, at the request of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, on behalf of the National Academy of Medicine, an ad hoc committee under the auspices of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a study aimed at envisioning and charting a path forward for the nursing profession to help reduce inequities in people's ability to achieve their full health potential. The ultimate goal is the achievement of health equity in the United States built on strengthened nursing capacity and expertise. By leveraging these attributes, nursing will help to create and contribute comprehensively to equitable public health and health care systems that are designed to work for everyone. The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity explores how nurses can work to reduce health disparities and promote equity, while keeping costs at bay, utilizing technology, and maintaining patient and family-focused care into 2030. This work builds on the foundation set out by The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health (2011) report. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity3 The Nursing Workforce4 The Role of Nurses in Improving Health Care Access and Quality5 The Role of Nurses in Improving Health Equity6 Paying for Equity in Health and Health Care7 Educating Nurses for the Future8 Nurses in Disaster Preparedness and Public Health Emergency Response9 Nurses Leading Change10 Supporting the Health and Professional Well-Being of Nurses11 The Future of Nursing: Recommendations and Research PrioritiesAppendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Project StaffAppendix B: Data Collection and Information SourcesAppendix C: Data Sources, Definitions, and MethodsAppendix D: GlossaryAppendix E: The Future of Nursing 20202030: Meeting America Where We Are: Supplemental Statement of William M. Sage, M.D., J.D. Appendix F: Committee Response to Supplemental StatementAppendix G: Profiles of Nursing Programs and Organizations

DKK 524.00
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Review of the Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix Database - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Review of the Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix Database - Institute Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Beginning with the development of the atomic bomb during World War II, the United States continued to build nuclear weapons throughout the Cold War. Thousands of people mined and milled uranium, conducted research on nuclear warfare, or worked in nuclear munitions factories around the country from the 1940s through the 1980s. Such work continues today, albeit to a smaller extent. The Department of Energy (DOE) is now responsible for overseeing those sites and facilities, many of which were, and continue to be, run by government contractors. The materials used at those sites were varied and ranged from the benign to the toxic and highly radioactive. Workers at DOE facilities often did not know the identity of the materials with which they worked and often were unaware of health risks related to their use. In many instances, the work was considered top secret, and employees were cautioned not to reveal any work-related information to family or others. Workers could be exposed to both radioactive and nonradioactive toxic substances for weeks or even years. Consequently, some of the workers have developed health problems and continue to have concerns about potential health effects of their exposures to occupational hazards during their employment in the nuclear weapons industry. In response to the concerns expressed by workers and their representatives, DOL asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to review the SEM database and its use of a particular database, Haz-Map, as the source of its toxic substance-occupational disease links. Accordingly, this IOM consensus report reflects careful consideration of its charge by the committee, and describes the strengths and shortcomings of both. To complete its task, IOM formed an ad hoc committee of experts in occupational medicine, toxicology, epidemiology, industrial hygiene, public health, and biostatistics to conduct an 18-month study to review the scientific rigor of the SEM database. The committee held two public meetings at which it heard from DOL Division of Energy Employee Occupational Illness Compensation (DEEOIC) representatives, the DOL contractor that developed the SEM database, the developer of the Haz-Map database, DOE worker advocacy groups, and several individual workers. The committee also submitted written questions to DOL to seek clarification of specific issues and received written responses from DEEOIC. The committee's report considers both the strengths and weaknesses of the SEM and the Haz-Map databases, recognizing that the latter was developed first and for a different purpose. The committee then discusses its findings and recommends improvements that could be made in both databases with a focus on enhancing the usability of SEM for both DOL claims examiners and for former DOE workers and their representatives. Review of the Department of Labor's Site Exposure Matrix Database summarizes the committee's findings. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Haz-Map Database3 Site Exposure Matrix Dat4 Findings and RecommendationsAppendix A: Biosketches of Committee MembersAppendix B: Substances Evaluated by the Committee to Identify Toxic Substance-Occupational Disease Links Not Found in SEMAppendix C: Individuals Who Made Presentations to the Committee

DKK 279.00
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